Phrase
A phrase is a unit of grammar, it may consist of one
word or more than one word
There are 5 kinds of phrase in English.
1. A
noun phrase: generally has a noun (or pronoun) as its main word.
Examples:
-
She is buying a funny cat in the
animal shop.
-
Dewa waits a girl in the park
every morning.
-
He uses a neat clothes in a party.
-
He brings a book in the college.
2. A
verb phrase: generally has a main verb as its word
Examples:
-
The door was opened.
-
The door has been opened.
-
The door must have been opened
-
The chairs were broken.
-
The chairs have been broken.
-
The chair must have been broken.
-
The cars were parked.
-
The cars have been parked.
-
The cars must been parked.
3. A
prepositional phrase: has a preposition as its first word
Examples:
-
I called her at six o’clock.
-
I saw her on the library.
-
I bought vegetables on the market.
-
I need ice from a freezer.
-
She types a letter in the laptop.
4. An
adjective phrase: has an adjective as its main word
Examples:
-
The exam is too easy.
-
This morning is much beautiful then
last morning.
-
The girl is feeling so sad.
-
It is much colder than last winter.
5. An
adverb phrase: has an adverb as its main word
-
Examples:
-
He comes here as quickly as possible.
-
The woman dances as beautifully as
possible.
-
He talks English quite fluently.
-
He texts me quite often.
Clause
Clauses are the main structures of which sentences
are build. A sentence contains at least one main clause. It may also contain
subordinate clauses.
A.
Main
clause:
|
Types
|
Examples
|
|
Statements
(It could be negative or positive sentence)
|
Ø
We are lucky.
Ø
She drives a motorcycle in the road.
Ø
I hit a ball into goal posts.
|
|
Questions
|
Ø
How are you?
Ø
Where are you come from?
|
|
Imperatives
|
Ø
Don’t be silly!
Ø
Don’t be noisy!
|
|
Exclamations
(using
what or how)
|
Ø
What a surprise you gave me!
Ø
What a beautiful building!
Ø
What a handsome man!
Ø
How a beautiful flower it is!
|
B. Subordinate clauses:
1.
Adverbial
clause
·
Meaning :
conjunction which begin the clause
·
Time :
after, before, as, once, since, until, when, whenever, while
·
Condition : if, unless
·
Contrast :
although, whereas, while
·
Reason and cause: because, since, as
·
Place :
where, whenever
·
Examples:
-
I will leave you alone if you are
naughty.
-
I will never leave you because you have
made me smile.
-
I can give you a gift after you do
something to me.
2.
Comment
clause
·
It is a small CLAUSE which adds a
comment to what is said in the MAIN CLAUSE or in the rest of the sentence
·
Examples:
-
As you know, I’ve always wanted to visit
Greece.
-
According to Shifa, A beauty comes from
our heart.
-
She will never bring you down, I guess.
-
You are the winner of this competition, I
believe.
-
3.
Comparative
clause
·
There are two kind of Comparative clause:
a. Clause
beginning with AS ( as - clauses) = these describe an equal comparison.
Example :
-
the TV sets cost Rp. 50.000,00
-
The camera cost Rp. 50.000,00
=
So, the camera cost as much as the tv set does
b. Clauses
beginning with THAN ( that – clause) = there describe an equal comparison.
Example :
-
the TV sets cost Rp. 50.000,00
-
The camera cost Rp. 30.000,00
-
= So, the TV costs more than the camera
costs.
4.
Noun clause
·
There are 4 main kinds of noun clause in
English:
1. That
– clause
2. Wh
– clause
3. Infinitive
clause
4. –ing
clause
·
Examples:
-
Nobody believes that she was the winner
of debate competition.
-
What she believes is no more bad score
in her exam.
5. Relative clause
·
Who, which, that, whose, when
·
Examples:
-
The boy who is holding my hand is my
father.
-
The cat which is eating fish is mine.
-
The girls who is wearing black veil is
my mother.
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